I don't think you know what a bit is
1 bit means there are only two possible values (0 or 1)
If there are 4 possible passwords, that's 2 bits of entropy (you have to try 00, 01, 10, and 11)
In this comic he's saying IF YOU KNOW THE PASSWORD SCHEME (e.g. you know he used 4 words, at random, from a list of 1000 most commonly used words) then there are 1000^4 possible passwords
1000^4 = 1 trillion possibilities = 44 bits
So USING A DICTIONARY it still takes 1 trillion guesses at most (a half trillion on average)
Now in the case of Tr0ub4dor&3, he again assumes you KNOW THE PASSWORD SCHEME. You know that the password is "one uncommon word, followed by punctuation, followed by a number" and that the order of the number and punctuation may be swapped and the work may or may not have caps and vowels may or may not be replaced by numbers
If you didn't know the password scheme then you would try all possible combinations of upper-case, lower-case, symbols, and numbers. For a 10-digit password like the one provided, assuming only 10 valid "symbols" (since most people stick to $, @, &, or !) that means there are:
(26 + 26 + 10 + 10)^10 possible passwords (lower + upper + number + symbol)
So if you didn't know the scheme, it's 3.7 quintillion passwords or 62 bits of entropy
However if you know the scheme (because people don't actually use RANDOM passwords, they do something they can remember like "a word followed by a symbol followed by a number") then it's suddenly only 28 bits of entropy